Melasma

Melasma, also called ‘chloasma’ or ‘pregnancy mask’, is a common skin condition of adults where brown or greyish patches of pigmentation develop, usually on the face. The name comes from melas, the Greek word for black, or cholas, from the word green-ish. It is more common in women, particularly during pregnancy (where up to 50% of women may be affected). Men can also be affected. Melasma is more common in people of colour and those who tan very quickly but can occur in anyone.

It is important to note that it is not an infection; therefore, it is not contagious, and it is not due to an allergy. It is not cancerous and will not develop into skin cancer. The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to be because the pigment-producing cells in the skin (melanocytes) are producing too much pigment (melanin). Several factors can contribute to developing melasma, including pregnancy and using hormonal medications such as oral contraceptive pills and hormone replacement therapy. Rarely, other medical problems that affect hormones (such as thyroid problems) may cause melasma, as well as some other medications, such as anti-epileptic drugs. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun can trigger melasma or make it worse.